From Crisis to Routine: The Normalization of Heatwaves in Pakistan
Climate change has increasingly manifested in Pakistan through severe heat waves, particularly between 2015 and 2018, with Karachi experiencing some of the most extreme conditions. The 2015 heat wave resulted in thousands of deaths and highlighted the vulnerability of urban populations to rising temperatures. Moving into the post-COVID era, with the continuation of human-induced high carbon footprints, the situation has only worsened, with rapid urbanization and industrialization exacerbating these conditions. In Punjab, the combination of increased construction and vehicular emissions has led not only to more frequent heat waves but also to severe smog episodes. This dual impact significantly affects public health, as rising temperatures contribute to heat-related illnesses, while poor air quality disrupts the daily lives of ordinary people.
When it comes to the growing rise in temperatures in urban-centric cities, Punjab experienced a staggering 30% increase in heat wave events during 2023-2024 compared to previous years, leading to a 25% rise in hospitalization rates due to heat-related ailments. This statistic highlights the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to address the public health implications of climate change. The Punjab region is particularly vulnerable due to its dense population and industrial activities, which intensify the effects of extreme weather. As these trends continue, it becomes increasingly clear that immediate action is necessary to safeguard public health and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
The socio-economic implications of heat waves in Pakistan are growing, particularly as communities increasingly normalize and adjust to these extreme conditions. Marginalized populations often suffer the most from environmental changes, facing limited resources and inadequate access to healthcare. As urban areas expand, there is a growing demand for infrastructure and services, further straining already overburdened systems. This normalization of heat waves leads to a troubling acceptance of harsh realities, where the lack of sufficient cooling facilities and insufficient public awareness about heat-related risks heighten the vulnerability of these communities. Adapting to such extreme temperatures has become a necessity rather than a choice, impacting daily life and health outcomes for many.
Looking ahead, projections indicate a potential increase of up to 22% in warm days by 2050 if no remedial measures or social safety nets are implemented. This forecast is particularly concerning for urban areas already struggling with the effects of climate change. To combat this impending crisis, Pakistan must advocate for a low-carbon-intensive future that prioritizes renewable energy sources and sustainable urban development. Implementing social safety nets will be crucial to protect marginalized communities disproportionately affected by extreme weather events. Additionally, actionable remedial measures, such as increasing green spaces in urban areas and improving public transportation, can help mitigate the effects of rising temperatures. As Pakistan navigates this challenging landscape, collaboration between government entities, civil society, and international partners will be essential to build resilience against the increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves.
Jawad Amin, an MSc Development Studies student at NUST, focuses on CSR Development and Climate Action. He currently works as a Content Associate for a UK-based tech company while pursuing his studies.
Insightful article!
Promising and well-written Jawad!